Cut flowers sales were valued at $13.1 million, with anthuriums ranking as the top seller at $4.7 million.įig. Hawaii’s floriculture industry was valued at $94.5 million in 2004 (57). Hawaiian production for 2004 was estimated at 617 thousand dozens. Since then, production figures have decreased by 76% (57). mainland and Japan when the first outbreaks of anthurium blight were reported. 6) were successfully exporting anthuriums to the U. Large scale business operations in saran shadehouses (Fig. Although yield was at 2.5 million dozen flowers in 1980, supply was insufficient to meet demand (26). The industry reached its peak in 1980, supplying local, national, and international markets with up to 232,000 dozen flowers per month (25). Increased worldwide demand for anthurium cut flowers in the 1970s boosted sales and increased production area from 40 acres to 400 acres in 1979. Commercial operations for anthurium production in 1959 included 266 farms from Hawaii, 88 from Oahu, 7 on Kauai, and 4 on Maui (25). This industry developed initially from hobbyists and backyard growers who supplied flower shops in Hawaii during the 1940s. Toves.ĭevelopment of the Anthurium Industry in HawaiiĪnthuriums are the most important cut flowers in the Hawaiian floriculture industry today. Anthurium antioquiense cultivar ‘Tropic Fire’. Anthurium antioquiense cultivar ‘Pink Frost’. Anthurium andraeanum cultivar ‘Marian Seefurth’. andraeanum cultivars, as well as crosses between A. 2 through 5) is a result of crosses between A. The assortment available in the current market (Figs. In the late 1930s and 1940s, growers in Hawaii learned how to propagate anthurium by seed, leading to increased cultivation and variation (26). Plants were grown on the Damon estates at Moanalua, and from there it was slowly distributed to other growers via vegetative propagation. Damon, who described it as having a spathe with shell-pink color (41). andraeanum to Hawaii from London in 1889 was by S. The spathes may be smooth or blistered to varying degrees, and are available in a wide range of colors (27). andraeanum but differ in appearance from the native species. Many of today’s cultivated anthuriums are named A. andraeanum is epiphytic and can be found in mountain forests at elevations of 2400 ft where the spathes of this species are orange-red and blistered. The best known species is Anthurium andraeanum, which was discovered by Eduard André in 1870 during travels to Colombia and Ecuador (58). The native habitat includes high elevation areas of Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The genus Anthurium encompasses over 1,500 species, more than 600 of which originate from Tropical America (23,27). Kuehnle.Īnthuriums are in the family Araceae, which has over 100 genera including Anthurium, Dieffenbachia, Xanthosoma, Spathiphyllum, Epipremnum, Aglaonema, and Philodendron. Typical anthurium cultivar commercially produced for cut-flowers and flowering potted plants. Heart-shaped leaves with one main midvein and several lateral veins are attached to long petioles.įig. A long spadix projecting from the spathe bears the true flowers and seeds (Fig. They are produced commercially for the wide variety of colors and shapes of their heart-shaped spathes, often referred to as the floral portion. doi: 10.1094/APSnetFeature-2006-0206Īnthuriums are perennial, herbaceous epiphytes with a climbing habit. Bacterial blight of Anthuriums: Hawaii's Experience with a Global Disease. Vowellĭepartment of Plant and Environmental Protection SciencesĪlvarez, A.M., Toves, P.J., and Vowell, T.S.
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